A widely anticipated federal report released Tuesday on excessive force among U.S. border agents contained little discussion of use-of-force policies, but recommended improvements to training and the tracking of such allegations.
The report's biggest revelation may have been the Department of Homeland Security's Office of Inspector General could not come up with a tally of excessive force allegations against Border Patrol agents and customs officers because the agency's databases do not allow them to be categorized that way.
The report was requested last year by 16 members of Congress concerned with the case of 42-year-old Anastasio Hernandez, who died after being shocked several times with a stun gun at San Diego's San Ysidro border crossing in May 2010. The letter lawmakers sent requesting the review said, "we are also concerned that this incident is simply part of a larger cultural problem at the Department."
The Justice Department's investigation into his death --one of at least 19 deaths since 2010 that the American Civil Liberties Union attributes to U.S. Customs and Border Protection -- continues.
Two of the lawmakers who requested the review said Tuesday the report did not go far enough.
U.S. Rep. Raul Grijalva, D-Ariz., called the incomplete records of allegations "deeply disturbing" and said he planned to pursue redacted portions. "We expected much more content. We expected a deeper look into it," he said.
U.S. Sen. Robert Menendez, D-N.J., said in an email that he welcomed the report's recommendations, "but Border Patrol needs to do more to curb excessive use of force that has resulted in unnecessary deaths."
The ACLU similarly called the report a good first step, but said more was expected.
CBP also has faced fierce criticism for policies that allow agents to respond to rock throwers with deadly force, a response CBP says is justified by the danger. Eight people have been killed by Border Patrol agents in rock throwing incidents since 2010, according to the ACLU. And the report found that of 185 rock assaults in fiscal 2012, agents responded with firearms 12 percent of the time.
Shawn Moran, vice president of the National Border Patrol Council, a union representing agents, said they are satisfied with the agency's use-of-force training.
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"We feel that the training is top notch for use of force and our agents use it reluctantly," Moran said.
CBP began its own internal review of deadly force incidents in November, in addition to an independent review contracted to the Police Executive Research Forum. Specific references to the findings of both were redacted from Tuesday's report, which said recommendations were under consideration by the acting CBP commissioner.
The inspectors did credit the agency for beginning field audits last year to evaluate use-of-force training outside of the academy. But the report said follow-up needs to be formalized and the staff expanded.
It noted that one such audit revealed that "many agents and officers do not understand use of force and the extent to which they may or may not use force." The recommendations that followed were redacted, but CBP said it was an isolated finding that was immediately addressed.
Some critics have blamed a rapid increase in Border Patrol agent staffing for deterioration in the quality of recruits and their training. Border Patrol increased the number of agents on the Southwest border by 63 percent from 2006 to 2009. But the report concluded the increase didn't impair training on how and when to use force.
Still, inspectors recommended the training be improved, especially with scenario-based exercises, saying academy graduates leave with the necessary tools and tactics, "but are not fully prepared for possible real-life situations they might encounter."
CBP plans to build a mock border fence, for example, to practice scenarios there where rocks are often thrown at agents, but funding has delayed its construction, the report said.
